Direct investment activity reached US$213 billion in the third quarter of 2025, –an increase of 17% year-over-year. Year-to-date transaction volumes have now increased by 21% compared to 2024. The Americas posted particularly strong gains as transaction activity rose 26% in the third quarter led by the United States. EMEA investment volumes were 19% higher than last year in Q3, with the UK and Germany the two most liquid markets while Spain, Sweden and Belgium all posted robust growth. Trends were more nuanced in Asia Pacific where direct investment declined by 8% year-over-year. Activity in Japan remained strong despite the normalization of borrowing rates, with volumes rising by 16% year-over-year.

Cross-border investment has continued to recover in spite of geopolitical pressures, with third quarter growth of 7% year-over-year and year-to-date volumes 26% higher. The share of cross-border flows into each of the regions has remained relatively steady so far in 2025.

Office leasing demand continued to increase moderately from the previous year during Q3. Expansionary demand in North America pushed take-up higher, while longer deal timelines in Europe and Asia Pacific contributed to lower activity. Following on from a strong first half, global volumes over the first nine months of the year were at their highest level since 2019.

The global vacancy rate fell during the quarter, with decreasing availability of prime, central space. Groundbreakings have fallen to a new record low in the U.S. with three quarters of the remaining pipeline already pre-leased, while new construction starts are at the lowest level in over a decade in Europe. Occupiers with large requirements will need to explore options earlier as competition for the best space intensifies. 

Future trends: Focus shifting from workplace planning to implementation

Short-term: Although portfolio optimization remains a priority for many companies, higher utilization targets, reduced downsizing rates and centralization as tenants upgrade into higher-quality space are expected to support continued growth in leasing through year-end 2025 and into 2026.

Long-term: Affordability and availability will be increasingly in focus for occupiers as available new space in prime central submarkets remains limited. Companies will need to start searches earlier and maintain flexibility; renewals and extensions will account for a larger share of activity, while leasing in refurbished projects and core-adjacent submarkets is likely to increase.

Future trends: 2025 set to be strong year for global living investment

Short-term: A strong Q3 and healthy pipeline of multifamily opportunities in the U.S and student accommodation portfolios in Europe and Asia Pacific means that living investment in 2025 should reach pre-Covid levels for the first time in over three years. Apartment construction challenges in Europe and signs of slowing rental demand in the U.S. may weigh on the sector’s growth trajectory next year.

Long-term: Continued housing shortages relative to the long-term growth in demand should see living remain the world’s largest real estate investment sector over the cycle. Many established markets will see continued emphasis on asset repositioning towards higher density operational living types such as PBSA and coliving.